#
#  Comment:
# 
#  Examples of the use of standard high-level plotting functions.
# 
#  In each case, extra output is also added using low-level 
#  plotting functions.
#


par(mfrow=c(3, 2))

# Scatterplot
x <- c(0.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16)
y1 <- c(1, 1.3, 1.9, 3.4, 3.9, 4.8)
y2 <- c(4, .8, .5, .45, .4, .3)
par(las=1, mar=c(4, 4, 2, 4))
plot.new()
plot.window(range(x), c(0, 6))
lines(x, y1)
lines(x, y2)
points(x, y1, pch=16, cex=2)
points(x, y2, pch=21, bg="white", cex=2)
par(col="grey50", fg="grey50", col.axis="grey50")
axis(1, at=seq(0, 16, 4))
axis(2, at=seq(0, 6, 2))
axis(4, at=seq(0, 6, 2))
box(bty="u")
mtext("Travel Time (s)", side=1, line=2, cex=0.8)
mtext("Responses per Travel", side=2, line=2, las=0, cex=0.8)
mtext("Responses per Second", side=4, line=2, las=0, cex=0.8)
text(4, 5, "Bird 131")
par(mar=c(5.1, 4.1, 4.1, 2.1), col="black", fg="black", col.axis="black")

# Histogram
# Random data
Y <- rnorm(50)
# Make sure no Y exceed [-3.5, 3.5]
Y[Y < -3.5 | Y > 3.5] <- NA
x <- seq(-3.5, 3.5, .1)
dn <- dnorm(x)
par(mar=c(4.5, 4.1, 3.1, 0))
hist(Y, breaks=seq(-3.5, 3.5), ylim=c(0, 0.5), 
     col="grey80", freq=FALSE)
lines(x, dnorm(x), lwd=2)
par(mar=c(5.1, 4.1, 4.1, 2.1))

# Barplot
# Modified from example(barplot)
par(mar=c(2, 3.1, 2, 2.1))
midpts <- barplot(VADeaths, col=grey(0.5 + 1:5/12), 
                  names=rep("", 4))
mtext(sub(" ", "\n", colnames(VADeaths)),
      at=midpts, side=1, line=0.5, cex=0.5)
text(rep(midpts, each=5), apply(VADeaths, 2, cumsum) - VADeaths/2,
     VADeaths, col=rep(c("white", "black"), times=2:3, cex=0.8))
par(mar=c(5.1, 4.1, 4.1, 2.1))

# Boxplot
# Modified example(boxplot) - itself from suggestion by Roger Bivand
par(mar=c(3, 4.1, 2, 0))
     boxplot(len ~ dose, data = ToothGrowth,
             boxwex = 0.25, at = 1:3 - 0.2,
             subset= supp == "VC", col="grey90",
             xlab="",
             ylab="tooth length", ylim=c(0,35))
     mtext("Vitamin C dose (mg)", side=1, line=2.5, cex=0.8)
     boxplot(len ~ dose, data = ToothGrowth, add = TRUE,
             boxwex = 0.25, at = 1:3 + 0.2,
             subset= supp == "OJ", col="grey70")
     legend(1.5, 9, c("Ascorbic acid", "Orange juice"), bty="n",
            fill = c("grey90", "grey70"))
par(mar=c(5.1, 4.1, 4.1, 2.1))

# Persp
# Almost exactly example(persp)
    x <- seq(-10, 10, length= 30)
     y <- x
     f <- function(x,y) { r <- sqrt(x^2+y^2); 10 * sin(r)/r }
     z <- outer(x, y, f)
     z[is.na(z)] <- 1
# 0.5 to include z axis label
par(mar=c(0, 0.5, 0, 0), lwd=0.1)
     persp(x, y, z, theta = 30, phi = 30, expand = 0.5, col = "grey80")
par(mar=c(5.1, 4.1, 4.1, 2.1), lwd=1)

# Piechart
# Example 4 from help(pie)
par(mar=c(0, 2, 1, 2), xpd=FALSE, cex=0.5)
     pie.sales <- c(0.12, 0.3, 0.26, 0.16, 0.04, 0.12)
     names(pie.sales) <- c("Blueberry", "Cherry",
         "Apple", "Boston Cream", "Other", "Vanilla")
     pie(pie.sales, col = gray(seq(0.4,1.0,length=6)))