#
# Comment:
#
# Code by Steve Miller 
# (Graduate student in the Statistics Department, The University of Auckland).
#
# An example of a one-off image using the traditional graphics system.  
# All parameters are hard-coded and the image only looks right when 
# drawn with a specific aspect ratio (4:1).
#
# Also an example of drawing an empty plot with a specific coordinate system
# and then building up a final image by drawing individual lines and
# and pieces of text.
# 
# Small point of interest is the use of some special glyphs (e.g., treble
# clef) from the Hershey vector fonts.
#



# TOP: music
par(yaxt = "n", xaxt = "n", ann = F, fig = c(0, 1, 0, 1), 
    mar = c(0, 0, 0, 0), cex=0.5)
plot(1:10, type = "n", xlab = "", ylab = "")
title(main = "A Little Culture", line = -1)
E = 5; F = 5.2; G = 5.4; A = 5.6; B = 5.8; C = 6; D = 6.2; E2 = 6.4; F2 = 6.6

# stave
for (i in c(E, G, B, D, F2)) {
	lines(x = c(1, 10), y = rep(i, 2))
}

# Hershey characters (treble clef, crotchet rest, sharp)
s1 = list(x = 1.2, y = G) #place clef on G
text(list(x = c(s1$x, s1$x + 8.5, s1$x + .5), y = c(s1$y, s1$y + .4, F2)), 
     vfont = c("serif", "plain"), 
     labels = c("\\#H2330", "\\#H2378", "\\#H2323"), 
     cex = 2) 

# time signature
text(x = rep(s1$x + .3, 2), y = c(s1$y, s1$y + .8), 
     labels = c("4", "4"), cex = 0.8)

# notes
points(list(y = c(B, A, G, A, B, B, B), 
            x = c(s1$x + 1, s1$x + 2, s1$x + 3, s1$x + 4, s1$x + 5.5, 
                  s1$x + 6.5, s1$x + 7.5)), 
       pch = 16, cex = 1.2)

# note tails
tail = 1.05
for (n in c(B, A, G, A)) {
  lines(x = rep(s1$x + tail, 2), y = c(n, n + 1))
  tail = tail + 1
}

tail = tail + .5
for (n in c(B, B, B)) {
  lines(x = rep(s1$x + tail, 2), y = c(n, n + 1))
  tail = tail + 1
}

# bar lines
lines(x = rep(1, 2), y = c(E, F2))
lines(x = rep(s1$x + 4.75, 2), y = c(E, F2))
lines(x = rep(9.9, 2), y = c(E, F2))
lines(x = rep(10, 2), y = c(E, F2), lwd = 2)

# lyrics
text(x = seq(s1$x + 1, s1$x + 8.5, by = 0.5), y = rep(4, 16), 
     labels = c("Ma-", "", "ry", "", "had", "", "a", "", "", 
                "lit-", "", "tle", "", "lamb", "", ""), 
     cex = 1, font = 4)